Clashes (1650 1800)

Amsterdam reaches its peak and becomes the third largest city in Europe, while London gradually takes the lead. A third player enters world history. New Amsterdam, once a Dutch city, is eventually conquered by England and becomes New York. London becomes a modern city after the 1664 Great Fire and fights Amsterdam with the help of French monarchy. Against all odds, the Netherlands eventually conquers London. But by the end of the 17th century, Amsterdam is exhausted and ruined by wars. It leaves the world scene.